ELBOW
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a common condition that affects far more than just tennis players. It develops when the tendons that attach to the outside of the elbow become irritated from repetitive gripping, lifting, or twisting activities. Construction workers, mechanics, landscapers, office workers, golfers, and even avid gardeners can develop tennis elbow. Symptoms typically include pain over the outside of the elbow, tenderness when touching the area, weaker grip strength, and discomfort when lifting objects, turning a doorknob, or shaking hands. Most cases can be diagnosed during a thorough history and physical examination, with X-rays or MRI reserved for situations where another injury is suspected.
Conservative Treatment Is Successful for Most Patients
The good news is that most people recover without surgery. Early treatment focuses on allowing the injured tendon to heal while reducing pain and inflammation. This may include activity modification, ice, anti-inflammatory medications when appropriate, a counterforce elbow brace, and a structured physical therapy program emphasizing stretching and progressive strengthening exercises. Patients who remain symptomatic despite these treatments may benefit from additional therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, dry needling by a licensed physician or hand therapist, or other physician-directed interventions.
When Is Surgery Needed?
Fortunately, only a small percentage of patients require surgery. Surgical treatment is generally considered only after 6–12 months of well-performed non-operative care without meaningful improvement. The procedure removes damaged tendon tissue and promotes healing, followed by a rehabilitation program to restore strength and function. With an accurate diagnosis and an individualized treatment plan, the vast majority of patients return to work, sports, and everyday activities with little or no pain.
Take-Home Message: If pain on the outside of your elbow is limiting your daily activities or preventing you from enjoying your favorite hobbies, don't ignore it. Early evaluation and treatment can speed recovery and help prevent a temporary problem from becoming a chronic one.
